HANDOUT FOR APRIL 18: THE REFORMATION IN ENGLAND
Henry VIII, 1509-1547
His wives:
1. Catherine of Aragon, divorced 1533.
2. Anne Boleyn, executed 1536.
3. Jane Seymour, died in childbirth 1537.
4. Anne of Cleves, divorced 1540.
5. Catherine Howard, executed 1542.
6. Catherine Parr, survived.
His Thomases:
Cardinal Thomas Wolsey (1471-1530), Henry’s lord chancellor. Falls from favor in 1529 when he fails to arrange Henry’s divorce.
Sir Thomas More (1478-1535): famous humanist, author of Utopia, Henry’s chancellor until 1532. Executed for treason after opposing the break with Rome.
Thomas Cromwell (1485-1540): Henry’s secretary. Promotes reformation of church. Executed in 1540 for having introduced Henry to Anne of Cleves.
Thomas Cranmer (1489-1556): Archbishop of Canterbury from 1532. Promotes reformation of church. Executed for heresy under Mary.
The break with Rome:
1521: Henry writes treatise against Luther, and is named "defender of the faith" by Pope Leo X.
1525: William Tyndale, exiled in Holland, publishes first English translation of the Bible. He is burned at the stake in 1536.
1527: Henry asks Pope Clement VII to annul his marriage.
1534: Act of Supremacy declares king to be "supreme head of the church."
1536: Dissolution of the monasteries.
Edward VI (son of Henry and Jane Seymour) 1547-1553. Protestant reformers in power.
1549: Act of Uniformity orders all churches to use Book of Common Prayer.
Mary I (daughter of Henry and Catherine of Aragon) 1553-1558. Attempts to re-impose Catholicism by fire and sword, earning nickname "Bloody Mary." Marries King Philip II of Spain.
Elizabeth I (daughter of Henry and Anne Boleyn) 1558-1603. Reasserts Church of England’s independence from Rome.
1560: Scotland adopts Calvinism.
1570: Pope formally excommunicates Elizabeth.
1588: Spanish Armada defeated.
James I 1603-1625. King of England and Scotland. Commissions "Authorized Version" of Scripture, also known as King James Bible.
Charles I 1625-1649. Fights Civil War against Parliament, executed.