HANDOUT FOR APRIL 9: LUTHER AND THE REFORMATION
c.1450: Johannes Gutenberg invents the printing press.
1483: Martin Luther born.
1505: Luther enters Augustinian monastery at Erfurt.
1513-1521: Pope Leo X.
1517: Luther publishes the 95 Theses against indulgences.
1518: Luther defies Cardinal Cajetan.
1519-1556: Charles V Habsburg reigns as Holy Roman Emperor.
1520: Pope Leo orders Luther to retract or be excommunicated.
1520: Luther writes Appeal to the German Nobles, On the Babylonian Captivity of the Church, and On Christian Liberty.
1521: Diet (imperial council) of Worms. Luther refuses to recant and is condemned, but is protected by Duke Frederick of Saxony.
1524-1526: German peasants revolt. In 1525, Luther publishes Against the Robbing and Murdering Hordes of Peasants.
1525: Luther marries Katherine von Bora, a former nun.
1526: Diet of Speyer adopts formula cuius regio, eius religio ("your kingdom, your religion"). Each of the princes in Germany can choose the religion to be practiced by his subjects.
1529: Emperor Charles V revokes the compromise of 1526. Supporters of Luther protest vigorously, thus earning the nickname "Protestants."
1534: Luther completes his German translation of the Bible.
1545: Pope Paul III opens Council of Trent. Luther publishes Against the Papacy at Rome Founded by the Devil.
1546: Martin Luther dies.
Justification by faith: based on Luther’s understanding of Romans 1:17, "The just shall live by faith."