SYLLABUS FOR HISTORY 212

RELIGION IN MEDIEVAL AND REFORMATION EUROPE:

THE HISTORY OF CHRISTIANITY TO 1600

Schedule and Readings

                                  

Requirements and Grading
Image Gallery
TA's and Discussion Sections
Useful Web Links

Reference Works

 

Michael GADDIS Lectures:
Office hours: Tuesday and Thursday, 2-4 Mon/Wed 11:45-12:40
313A Maxwell Hall HL 207
443-4832  
jmgaddis@maxwell.syr.edu  

Class website: http://faculty.maxwell.syr.edu/gaddis/HST212/index.htm

This course explores religion and its impact on history, focusing on Christianity in Europe and the Mediterranean, from its earliest beginnings up to the sixteenth century. We will cover Christian origins, martyrdom and persecution, the conversion of Constantine, the rise of the Papacy, problems of church and state, asceticism and monasticism, women’s religious experience, orthodoxy and heresy, crusades, inquisitions and witch-hunts, the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic response. Throughout the course we will pursue unifying themes such as the nature of religious authority, from its consolidation by the institutional church in late antiquity to its fragmentation in the age of the Reformation; the "Origin of Satan" and the demonization of religious dissent; varieties of religious experience; changing definitions over time of what it meant to be "Christian." The course will emphasize reading and discussion of primary sources, in order to provide a window into the thought-worlds and value systems of past societies.

 

TA’s:

Shannon Williamson Melissa Neis
443-5861 or leave message at 443-2210 443-9906 (office) or 473-1452 (home)
Eggers 030 Eggers 029
smwill01@syr.edu melissaneis@hotmail.com
Office hours:  Thursday 2:30-4:30 Office hours:  Wednesday 1:00-3:00

Discussion Sections:

Attendance at these is absolutely required. Your active participation in section discussion will be a significant portion of your grade. Please see us immediately if you are not enrolled in a section, or have a scheduling problem. Sections will begin meeting in the second week of class (starting Jan. 22).

Current Schedule of Sections:

M002 Monday 3:00-3:55 Gaddis Hall of Languages 101
M003 Friday 11:45-12:40 Neis Maxwell 111
M004 Thursday 1:00-1:55 Williamson Carnegie 220
M005 Wednesday 12:50-1:45 Williamson Maxwell 108
M006 Monday 12:50-1:45 Neis Physics Building 106

 

Grading and Requirements:

First paper, 4-5pp, due Friday Feb. 16 20%
In-class midterm, March 7 20%
Second paper, 4-5pp, due Thursday April 12 20%
Final paper (creative project) due Thursday May 10 20%
Participation 20%

 

How to do well in this course: It’s a simple formula. Come to the lectures, take good notes, do the readings, think about what you’ve learned and be prepared to talk about it in section. If you miss a lecture, get the notes from a friend. You will not do well in this course if you skip class or don’t bother to do the reading.

 

First Paper: 4-5pp critical essay, on choice of several topics. Due Friday Feb. 16 at 4pm in 145 Eggers Hall. This paper, like the later ones, will require you to use and cite primary sources, which is what we call texts written by people who lived in the period we’re studying.

 

Midterm Exam: In class, March 7. This will include paragraph-length identifications and longer essays, and will cover material from lectures and assigned readings to date. Essay questions will be given out in advance, a week before the exam. For each essay question, you will be allowed to bring in and consult during the exam one 3"x5" notecard you have prepared in advance. ID’s will not be announced in advance.

 

Second Paper: 4-5pp critical essay. Due Thursday April 12 at 4pm in 145 Eggers Hall.

 

Final Paper: 6-8pp, due Thursday May 10 at 4pm in 145 Eggers Hall. This will be a "creative" exercise in which you will get a chance to show off what you’ve learned by imagining yourself as a medieval person and seeing the world as he or she saw it. There will be a wide variety of possible characters and situations available for you to "get into character." Have fun with it, but also draw seriously upon class materials, particularly the primary sources.

 

Section Participation: This means not just showing up, but taking an active role in class discussion. The sections are your opportunity to talk about what you’ve read and what you’ve heard in lecture. Each week, please bring your copies of the assigned readings with you and be prepared to talk about them. Frequent and conspicuous lack of preparation will hurt your grade. Your section leader may choose to set occasional quizzes or other small assignments; these will be counted toward the "participation" grade.

 

E-mail and Internet: I am running this class under the assumption that each of you has a basic familiarity with browsing the web, access to a computer, and an e-mail account that you check reasonably often. Please see me immediately if this is not the case. I will collect all your e-mails in class, and then use group mailings to make announcements, circulate discussion questions in advance of class, etc. Please familiarize yourself with the course website: http://faculty.maxwell.syr.edu/gaddis/HST212/index.htm which contains an online version of this syllabus as well as links to relevant websites and images shown during lectures. You should check it at least weekly for updates.

 

Lateness Policy: For the first two papers, the following rule applies. For each day late, the grade is reduced by one full letter (A becomes B, B becomes C, and so on) unless you have a bona-fide excuse (serious medical or family emergency). "I didn’t feel well yesterday" doesn’t count as a medical excuse: I will need a note from the Health Center or from your advisor.

For the final paper, I have already given you the latest possible due date, the last day of exam week. This leaves us very little time to read them before we have to report final grades to the Registrar. Accordingly, we are not able to accept any late papers for this assignment.

 

Academic Dishonesty: This course will enforce the policy set by the University and the College of Arts and Sciences, which is as follows:

"Syracuse University students shall exhibit honesty in all academic endeavors. Cheating in any form is not tolerated, nor is assisting another person to cheat. The submission of any work by a student is taken as a guarantee that the thoughts and expressions in it are the student’s own except when properly credited to another. Violations of this principle include: giving or receiving aid in an exam or where otherwise prohibited, fraud, plagiarism, the falsification or forgery of any record, or any other deceptive act in connection with academic work. Plagiarism is the representation of another’s words, ideas, programs, formulae, opinions or other products of work as one’s own, either overtly, or by failing to attribute them to their true source." (Section 1.0, University Rules and Regulations.)

What this means, in plain English, is that the writing in your papers must be yours – not copied from a book, or from another student, or from the internet – and anything borrowed from elsewhere (e.g. direct quotations from sources) must be properly marked as such and footnoted. More specific instructions on proper citation style, along with a handout detailing examples of plagiarism, will be distributed with the first paper assignment. Ignorance of the rules will not be accepted as an excuse.

Any student caught plagiarizing or cheating will receive a "zero" (worse than an F!) for that assignment, with predictable consequences for his/her overall average. He/she will also be reported to the Dean’s Office, which may or may not choose to take more serious action. A second offense will result in an automatic F for the course. That said, I am not out to "get" anyone – I am happy to explain the rules to anyone who is unsure. Please talk to me or your TA if you have any questions!

Click here for a handout explaining plagiarism in more detail

Readings:

Books to purchase at Follett’s Orange Bookstore (all are required):

Elaine Pagels, The Origin of Satan.

Peter Brown, The Rise of Western Christendom.

John A.F. Thomson, The Western Church in the Middle Ages.

Jonathan Zophy, A Short History of Renaissance and Reformation Europe.

There will also be two xeroxed collections of primary sources (texts written by ancient/medieval people) available from the Copy Center in Marshall Square Mall.  The first reader covers assignments up through the end of March; the second reader for the remainder of the course will be available after Spring Break.

In addition, some assigned readings will be found on the Internet.  Follow the hyperlinks on the schedule below.

Note: each day, you should come to lecture already having read whatever is listed for that day on the schedule below. When you come to section, you should be prepared to talk about what’s been assigned up to that point in the week: sections meeting on Monday or Tuesday will cover readings listed for that Monday; those meeting Wednesday and later will cover readings through that Wednesday.

Schedule:

Week One Week Two Week Three Week Four Week Five
Week Six Week Seven Week Eight Week Nine Week Ten
Week Eleven Week Twelve Week Thirteen Week Fourteen Week Fifteen

 

Week One: Introduction.

Wed. Jan 17. Introduction to the course. Jesus and the Apostles.

 

Week Two: Early Christianity. The Second and Third Centuries.

Mon. Jan. 22: Formation of Christian identity; break with Judaism; concept of "heresy."

Read: The Bible, any version: The Gospel According to Mark.  If you don't have access to a Bible, try this online version.

Pagels, The Origin of Satan: Introduction and chapters 1-2.

 

Wed. Jan. 24: The Christian challenge to Roman society: martyrdom and radical asceticism.

Read: Pagels, Satan chapters 5-6 and conclusion.

Online:  The Martyrdom of Perpetua.  If first site is down, try here.

 

 

Week Three: Christianity in Power: Church and State in the Fourth and Fifth Centuries.

Mon. Jan. 29: The conversion of Constantine and the suppression of paganism.

Read: Brown, Rise of Western Christendom (RWC) chapters 1 and 2.

Xerox reader 1-22: assorted documents.

 

Wed. Jan. 31: Bishops on Trial: Schisms and Scandals in the Church.

Read: Brown RWC chapters 3 and 4.

Xerox 23-44: Impeachment trials of bishops!

 

 

Week Four: Christian Life in the Later Roman Empire.

Mon. Feb. 5. How to be a Christian: Bishops and Christian Life.

Read: Brown RWC chapters 4 and 6.

Online: Augustine’s Confessions, Book I and Book II.  If first site is down, try here.

Xerox 45-69: John Chrysostom, How to Raise your Children.

 

Wed. Feb. 7. Augustine, the fall of Rome, and history.

Read: Brown RWC chapter 5.

Xerox 70-75: excerpt from Augustine’s City of God.

 

 

Week Five: Renouncing the World: Asceticism and Monasticism.

Mon. Feb. 12. Asceticism.

Read: Brown RWC chapter 7.

Online: excerpts from the Life of Antony (read paragr. 1-10, 21-43).  If first site is down, try here.

Xerox 76-96: Simeon the Stylite, Pelagia the Prostitute.

 

Wed. Feb. 14. Organized monasticism.

Read: Brown RWC chapters 8 and 9.

                    Xerox 97-111: The Benedictine Rule.

**Friday Feb. 16: first paper due at 4pm in the History Office, 145 Eggers Hall**

 

 

Week Six: Early Medieval Christianity and its Neighbors.

Mon. Feb. 19. Converting the Barbarians: the Christianization of Northern Europe.

Read: Brown RWC chapter 5 (again) and chapters 12 and 13.

Online: The Confession of St. Patrick.

Xerox 112-126: Patrick, Bede, the Penitentials.

 

Wed. Feb. 21. The Challenge of Islam. Christians under Muslim rule.

Read: Brown RWC chapters 10, 11.

Online: selections from the Holy Qur’an.

            Read the following Suras:  19, "Mary."     21, "Prophets".     75, "Resurrection."

            The Pact of Umar:  the status of Christians under Islamic rule

 Xerox 127-139: sources on Muhammad and early Islam.

 

Week Seven: Christianity between East and West.

Mon. Feb. 26. Byzantine Orthodoxy and the Iconoclast Controversy.

Read: Brown RWC chapter 14.

Online: The Iconoclast Controversy

The Iconoclast Council of 754.

John of Damascus, In Defense of Icons.

Xerox 140-158: Life of St. Theodora the Empress; Claudius of Turin’s attack on the veneration of relics.

 

Wed. Feb. 28. The Rise of the Papacy.

Read: Brown RWC chapters 15, 16 and Thomson, Western Church chapter 3.

Online: Papal Documents

Pope Leo on the Supremacy of Rome.

Gelasius on the Two Powers.

Gregory the Great:  Pastoral Rule.

A Famous Forgery: the So-Called Donation of Constantine.

A Claim of Supreme Papal Power: The Dictatus Papae of Gregory VII

 

Week Eight: The Church at the First Millennium.

Mon. March 5. The Medieval Church at the Millennium. The Cult of Relics.

Read: Thomson chapters 2, 4, 5.

Xerox 159-178: Einhard on relic theft; charters of Cluny.

 

 

Wed. March 7. Midterm exam.

***March 11-18 Spring Break***

 

Week Nine: Crusades and Persecutions.

Mon. March 19. The Imperial Papacy and the Crusades.

Read: Thomson chapters 6-8 and 11.

Xerox 179-210: Acts of the Lateran Council, and accounts of the First Crusade.

 

Wed. March 21. Inquisition and Persecution.

Read: Thomson chapter 9.

Xerox 211-220: Inquisition trial records.

Bernard Gui, Inquisitor’s Manual.

 

Week Ten: Medieval Saints.

Mon. March 26. Francis of Assisi.

Read: Thomson chapters 14, 15.

Xerox 221-243: sources on Francis and the Franciscans.

 

Wed. March 28. Women and Religion in the Late Middle Ages.

Read: Finish first xerox reader,  244-260: Catherine of Siena.

**Begin second xerox reader, 1-3: Catherine of Genoa.

 

Week Eleven: The Late Medieval Crisis.

Mon. April 2. Everything Goes to Hell: plague, scandal and schism.

Read: Zophy, Short History of Renaissance and Reformation Europe chapter 3 or Thomson chapters 12, 13, 16 (same stuff in more detail).

Xerox 4: Gospel of the Silver Mark.

Popes in Hell:  Dante, Inferno canto 19.

Petrarch on the Avignon Papacy.

Marsilius of Padua, Defensor Pacis excerpt.

Condemnation of John Wyclif, and his reply.

 

Wed. April 4. The Challenge of Renaissance Humanism.

Read: Zophy chapter 5. Optional: chapters 8 and 9.

Xerox 5-36: Petrarch, Second Dialogue.

Lorenzo Valla, On the Forged Donation of Constantine.   Re-read the Donation of Constantine.

Erasmus, In Praise of Folly.

Optional:  Petrarch, Ascent of Mount Ventoux.

 

Week Twelve: The Protestant Reformation.

Mon. April 9. Luther.

Read: Zophy chapters 10, 11.

Xerox 37-66: Luther, Ninety-Five Theses; Appeal to the German Nobles; On Christian Liberty.

The Twelve Articles of the Peasant Revolt, and Luther’s response.

Andreas Karlstadt, On the Abolition of Images.

 

Wed. April 11. Calvin and Radical Protestantism.

Read: Zophy chapters 12, 13.

Xerox 67-85: Calvin, conversion and call to Geneva; Institutes.

Anabaptist Confession of Schleitheim.

 

***Thursday April 12: second paper due at 4pm in the History Office, 145 Eggers Hall***

 

Week Thirteen: Counter-Reformation.

***This week:  Visit to Special Collections.   Please go to 6th floor of Bird Library during your regularly scheduled TA sections.

Mon. April 16. The Catholic Response: the Council of Trent and the Jesuits.

Read: Zophy chapter 16.

Xerox 86-109: Report on the Reform of the Church; Jesuit documents; Decrees of the Council of Trent.

Decree of Trent on Veneration of Images.

Rules of Trent on Prohibited Books.

 

Wed. April 18. The Reformation in England.

Read: Zophy chapters 14, 15.

Xerox 110-115: John Foxe on the death of Thomas Cranmer.

Cranmer, Letter on Henry VIII’s Divorce.

Henry VIII, Act of Supremacy.

Elizabeth I, Act of Supremacy and Decree against the Jesuits.

Puritan sources.

 

Week Fourteen: Religious Violence in the Sixteenth Century.

Mon. April 23. The Wars of Religion.

Read: Zophy chapter 17.

Xerox 116-143: Letters on the St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre.

Natalie Davis, "The Rites of Violence: Religious Riot in 16th Century France."

Letter of an Anabaptist Martyr.

Sebastian Castellio, Concerning Heretics.

 

Wed. April 25. The Witch-Craze.

Read: Zophy chapter 18.

Xerox 144-165: Pope Innocent VIII’s Summis desiderantes; excerpt from the Malleus Maleficarum; Martin Luther on Witchcraft; Trial of Suzanne Gaudry; Witches of Chelmsford; Recantation of Cornelius Loos; Cotton Mather on Witches.

Contrast the comparatively skeptical attitude of the ninth century:   Agobard of Lyon, On Hail and Thunder.

 

Week Fifteen: Conclusion.

Mon. April 30: Christianity in the New World.

Read: Zophy chapter 8, again.

Xerox 166-186: Francisco de Vitoria, Should Unbelievers be Forcibly Converted? Fray Pedro de Gante, Letter to Charles V; Fray Juan Izquierdo, Letter and Report to Charles V; José de Acosta, The Salvation of the Indians.

Bartolomeo de las Casas, The Destruction of the Indies.

 

Reading/Exam week May 2-10.

***Final Paper Due Thursday May 10 at 4pm***