Course news here
IRP
645 Histories, Theories, and International Policies
M001
meets Monday 12:45-3:30 in Eggers 225; M002 meets W 3:45-6:15 in
Eggers 010
James P. Bennett, Maxwell Hall 405b, 443-1749, jbennett@syr.edu, Office hours M 3:45-5:15, W 12-2 and by appointment
Purpose
This is a problem-oriented course about contemporary challenges to international public policy. We explore complex relations among histories, lessons putatively derived from histories, theory-building and theory-revision, and policy analysis. We begin with short critiques of histories of our field of International Relations. Next we explore those historical methods which address the various presentations of the past by historians. After a quick tour through the contemporary theories of international relations which seem to have the greatest influence upon policy making, we examine how histories and theories inform policy processes as leaders attempt to grapple with six remarkable "redirections" that have taken most policy shapers by surprise:
Rapid and irregular proliferation of the capacity to build weapons of mass destruction (as contrasted with once-effective multilateral programs to inhibit the proliferation of nuclear and other complicated technologies during the Cold War).
The current near-collapse of the international economic order which, at a minimum, is pushing the global economy toward a recession serious enough to endanger the post-WW2 liberal economic order.
The end of 'globalization' as a political symbol representing material opportunities for most of the world's people and as a political objective by governments to reduce risks and to exploit opportunities for social as well as economic gains achievable by realizing comparative advantages.
Probable early demise to the superpower status of the United States, with an immanently violent contest for influence by other states and 'poles'.
Erosion of the effective content of state "sovereignty" under the quadruple attacks of the ideology of basic human rights, functional requirements of economic interpenetration among the G20 nations, endemic regional conflicts which unleash floods of refugees, and violent programs by non-state groups seeking revolutionary change.
Increasing acceptance of the reality and rapidity of worldwide change in the atmosphere and oceans, due in large measure to patterns of human habitation and consumption, with effects upon the quality of life that are likely to be mostly harmful.
Increasing acceptance of the reality and rapidity of the worldwide spread of new diseases due in some degree to patterns of human habitation and behavior.
The course anticipates your careers as “policy shapers” – persons working to influence major decisions at critical junctures in a policy making process. The diverse readings invite you to develop a sophisticated familiarity with the most influential modes of historical and theoretical analysis. The writing requirements invite you to apply these modes of analysis to important contemporary issues.
Requirements
One's
grade is based upon a maximum of 100 points earned as follows:
1.
Participation in all forms of class activity: quality of
participation in class discussion, formal presentations, and service
as discussant to presentations. 0-20 points
2. A 'literacy
test,' designed to test your comprehension of the principal
historiographies and theories which influence contemporary
international practice, will be offered at Meeting 6. The questions
will cover the common readings assigned up to that date. Twenty-five
candidate questions drawn from the common readings and from class
discussion will be announced at Meeting 5: from these 25, three will
be randomly drawn to constitute the test. The test will be scored
0-24 points.
3. Two papers, on items of your choice listed in
this syllabus, submitted during meetings 7-14. 0-20 points each.
(Presentations in class will accompany submission of a written report
but be graded separately.)
4. Service as a discussant,
twice, during weeks 3-5 and 7-14. 0-8 points each.
Two
books are available for purchase at Orange Student Bookstore,
Marshall Square Mall:
George
C. Iggers, Historiography
in the Twentieth Century: From Scientific Objectivity to the
Postmodern Challenge,
Wesleyan; 2nd ed., 2005. (40 copies)
Lenin, V. I., Imperialism,
The Highest Stage of Capitalism.
International Publishing Company, 1935 (or another equivalent
edition). (20 copies)
Items which you select to read and
critique -- three in the interval of weeks 7-14 -- may be
accessed from the holdings of Syracuse University Library, via
interlibrary loan, or by purchase. Most of these are not
found
on reserve at Bird Library.
All other required readings are available either through the university library's electronic journal holdings or linked to the course's Blackboard pages.
Policies
regarding academic integrity and disability are found
here.
Syllabus
*
Identifies common (required)
readings.
#
Identifies readings made available to the class.
All journal
articles are available on the web via the university library's
subscriptions.
Make a heroic effort to complete the readings
marked * prior
to the
class meeting in which the reading is listed.
0.
Read this
first: Christina
D Romer, "The Nation in Depression," The
Journal of Economic Perspectives,
1993, 7, 2 ( 1993), 19-39.
Part
I. Foundations
1.
Scope and focus of the course (1: Jan 12; 2: Jan 14)
The
field of "International Relations", "History
of international relations", History of "International
Relations," Historical sensibilities for the Theory and Practice
of International Relations
North American
origins of the Field of International Relations:
*Quincy
Wright, A
Study of War,
University of Chicago Press, 1942. Google
Books shows enough of this volume to comprehend the research
program.
Almost all of Wright's publications deal with
international law. An informative exception is Quincy Wright,
"Review of Power
and International Relations.
by Inis L. Claude, Jr., Political
Science Quarterly,
Vol. 78, No. 4 (Dec., 1963), pp. 609-613.
European origins:
*Ole
Wæver, "The Sociology of a Not So International
Discipline:American and European Developments in International
Relations,"
International Organization
52,
4, Autumn 1998, pp. 687–727. [If
you read this article for Prof. Bonham's course, read instead the one
below by Steiner.]
Zara Steiner, "On Writing
International History: Chaps, Maps and Much More," International
Affairs 73,
3 (1997), pp. 531-546. [Perspective of the 'English School']
Some
Non Western origins:
*Yongjin
Zhang, "System, empire and state in Chinese international
relations," Review
of International Studies
27,
5, (2001), 43–61.
Yong
Deng, "The Chinese Conception of National Interests in
International Relations," The
China Quarterly,
154 (1998), 308-329
*Takashi
Inoguchi, “Why
are there no non-Western theories of international relations? The
case of Japan” International Studies Association, 2006. [To
read this, click the article's title link, then find and click
“International Studies Association” at mid-page.]
2.
Two modes of knowledge (claims) in interational relations:
explanation
and
understanding
(1:
Jan26; 2: Jan 21)
*#Martin
Hollis and Steven Smith, Explaining
and Understanding in International Relations,
Oxford Clarendon, 1990, chapter 1,3,4.
*Alternative
understandings of international relations suggested by the careers of
Diocletian,
Tekemthe,
Hongi
Hika, Gertrude Bell (1)
(2) (3)These
people must have understood their respectively contemporary worlds
differently from the way that we try to explain it today. Note
how different are our sources
for these historical figures.
3.
Introduction to Theory: the Big
3 and
the Little
1 (Families
of International Relations Theory) -- (1) Political Realism and (2)
Liberalism (1: Feb 2; 2 Jan 28)
*#John
Baylis and Steve Smith with Patricia Owens, The
Globalization of World Politics, 3rd ed.,
Oxford University Press, 2001, chapters 7-11, pp. 161-270).
(isbn
0-19-927118-6) [Don't use the 4th ed.]
For a more
thorough introduction, Michael W. Doyle, Ways
of War and Peace,
Norton, 1997.
*Morgenthau,
Hans J., Politics
among nations; the struggle for power and peace,
2nd ed., Chapter 1, "A Realist Theory of International Politics"
Here
Andreas
Osiander, "Sovereignty, International Relations, and the
Westphalian Myth," International
Organization ,
55,02,
April 2001, pp 251-287.
Andrew Moravcsik, "Taking Preferences Seriously: A Liberal Theory of International Politics," International Organization 51:4 (1997) 513-554.
*David
A. Baldwin, "Neoliberalism, Neorealism and World Politics, pp.
3-26 in D. A. Baldwin, ed., Neorealism
and Neoliberalis;: the Contemporary Debate.
Columbia University Press, 1993. (Available
through Google Books)
*
John
Gerard Ruggie, "International Regimes, Transactions, and Change:
Embedded Liberalism in
the Postwar Economic Order,"
International
Organization
36,
2, (1982), 379-415.
Bruce
Russsett, John Oneal and Michael Berbaum, "Causes of
Peace: Democracy, Interdependence, and International Organizations,
1886-1992, International
Studies Quarterly 47:3
( 2003): 371-93.
William R. Thompson, The Emergence of the
Global Political Economy. Routledge 2000.
Lucian M. Ashworth, “Did the Realist-Idealist Great Debate Really Happen? a Revisionist History of International Relations,” International Relations, 16, 1(2002) 33-51.
(On the benefits of empire according to Monte Python.)
4.
Introduction to Theory: the Big
3and
the Little
1 (Families
of International Relations Theory) -- (3) Marxism and (i)
Constructivism (1: Feb 9; 2: Feb 4)
*Lenin,
V. I., Imperialism,
The Highest Stage of Capitalism.
International Publishing Company, 1935. Available
here.
Relevant?
(temporarily
unavailable) Helen Byrne Armstrong,"International socialism: the
end of an era," Foreign
Affairs 12
(1933), 436.
Jeffrey
T. Checkel, "The Constructivist Turn in International Relations
Theory," World
Politics 50,2
(1998) 324-348.
*Alexander
Wendt, "Constitution and causation in International Relations,"
Review
of International Studies
24:
5 (1998), 101-117. (Notes by K. Czarniak)
Nicholas
Onuf, Worlds
of Our Making: Rules and Rule in Social Theory and International
Relations.
University of South Carolina Press, 1989
5.
What are histories? Historiography for the policy shaper (1:
Feb 16; 2: Feb 11) (From Soumi the Romantic)
*
George
C. Iggers, Historiography
in the Twentieth Century: From Scientific Objectivity to the
Postmodern Challenge,
Wesleyan; 2nd ed., 2005. ISBN-10:
0819567663; ISBN-13: 978-0819567666 [Hint:
Read this book backward: last chapter first, etc.]
[For an illustration of microhistory -- and unparalleled account of what it means to seek to understand historical figures -- seeCarlo Ginzburg, The Cheese and the Worms, Penguin 1992.]
Edward
Hallett Carr, What
is History? Vintage,
1967.
Keith
Jenkins, On
'what is History?': From Carr and Elton to Rorty and White.
Routledge,
1995. Ch
3 (on Edward Hallett Carr) and Ch 5 (on Hayden White). (Google
Books)
Peter Johnson, "Book review of William H. Dray,
History
as Re-enactment: R.G. Collingwood’s Idea
of
History,
(Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1995)," Philosophical
Investigations 21:1
January 1998.
Fernand Braudel, A
History of Civilizations. A.
Lane, 1994.
6.
(a) What uses do policy shapers make of histories? Can we do
better? Relations among history, theory and practice (1: Feb
23; 2: Feb 18)
Recall the 'prisoner of a dead economist'? Check this out.
Ernest
R. May, The
Lessons of the Past: The Use and Misuse of History in American
Foreign Policy,
Oxford University Press, 1973.
*Stephen
M. Walt
"The
Relationship between Theory and Policy in International Relations,"
Annual Review of Political Science, 2005. 8:23–48.
*Richard
N. Haass and Martin Indyk, "Beyond Iraq: A New U.S. Strategy for
the Middle East," Foreign
Affairs,
(2009)
90-minute, closed book test, presenting you with three questions drawn from a list to be attached to this syllabus, meeting 5.
(c) a 5th Mom
Part II.
Applications. Seven "redirections of history" that are
shaking the World
7.
Rapid
and irregular proliferation of the capacity to build weapons of mass
destruction (as contrasted with once-effective multilateral programs
to inhibit the proliferation of nuclear and other complicated
military technologies during the Cold War). (1: Mar 16; 2: Mar 4)
(Check out the Nuclear Suppliers' Group. And objections to the US-India accords.)
William Langewiesche, The Atomic Bazaar: The Rise of the Nuclear Poor. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2007. H. Kim
Etel Solingen, Nuclear Logics: Contrasting Paths in East Asia and the Middle East. Princeton University Press, 2007.
Jacques E.C. Hymans, The Psychology of Nuclear Proliferation: Identity, Emotions, and Foreign Policy. Cambridge University Press, 2006 Allem
Kroenig, M.H., The Enemy of My Enemy Is My Customer: Why States Provide Sensitive Nuclear Assistance. University of California, 2007.
Stephen M. Younger, The Bomb, A New History. Harper/Ecco, 2009. ISBN: 9780061537196; ISBN10: 0061537195 Rouse Shiels
Thomas C. Reed and Danny B. Stillman, The Nuclear Express: A Political History of the Bomb and Its Proliferation. Zenith Press, 2009. Czarniak
(Baxter, Polyakova, Rohr, Inafuku discussants)
8. The
current near-collapse of the international economic order which, at a
minimum, is pushing the global economy toward a recession
serious enough to endanger the post-WW2 liberal economic order.
(1: Mar 23; 2: Mar 18)
Alison Bailin, From Traditional
to Group Hegemony: The G7, the Liberal Economic Order and the
Core-Periphery Gap. Ashgate, 2005.
Jonathan Kirshner, Currency and Coercion: The Political Economy of International Monetary Power, Princeton University Press, 1995. Patriciu
Ralph C. Bryant, Cross-Border Finance and International Governance. Brookings, 2003.
Peter Gourevitch, The Second Image Reversed: The International Sources of Domestic Politics. Routledge, 1994.
George Soros, The Crisis of Global Capitalism, PublicAffairs, 1998, and Barry Eichengreen, "The crisis of (confidence in ) global capitalism," 1999. Polyakova
Barry
Eichengreen, Globalizing
Capital: A History of the International Monetary System (2nd
ed.).
Princeton University Press, 2008. Jang
Goldfarb
Peter Gourevitch, Politics
in Hard Times: Comparative Responses to International Economic
Crises.
Cornell University Press, 1986. Zhang
Charles P. Kindleberger and Robert Aliber, Manias, Panics, and Crashes: A History of Financial Crises (5th ed.). Wiley, 2005. Carrasco
Liaquat Ahamed, Lords of Finance: The Bankers Who Broke the World. Penguin, (January) 2009. Hasper
David Harvey, A Brief History of Neo-Liberalism. Oxford University Press, 2007. Thompson Chatterjee
(Discussants Smith, Benedict, Dailey, Yejerla)
9. The end of 'globalization' as a political symbol representing material opportunities for most of the world's people and as a political objective by governments to reduce risks and to exploit opportunities for social as well as economic gains acievable by realizing comparative advantages. (1: Mar 30; 2: Mar 25)
(El Fisgón (trans. Mark Fried), How to Succeed at Globalization, A Primer for the Roadside Vendor. Metropolitan Books, 2002.)
Joseph E. Stiglitz, Globalization and Its Discontents. W.W.Norton, 2003. Shiels
Amartya Sen,
Development
as Freedom.
Knopf, 1999. Zabava
Cetola
Jaghdish
N. Bhagwati,
In
Defense of Globalization, Oxford University Press, 2004. Yejerla
Goldfarb
Hernando
de Soto, The
Mystery of Capital: Why Capitalism Triumphs in the West and Fails
Everywhere Else.
Basic Books, 2003. Capalbo
Carrasco
Beth A. Simmons,
Frank Dobbin, and Geoffrey Garrett, eds., The
Global Diffusion of Markets and Democracy.
Cambridge University Press, 2008. Takabayashi
Jan
Aart Scholte, Globalization:
A Critical Introduction. Macmillan/Palgrave,
2000. Published by Macmillan, 2000. Read also a review
by Frank Lechner.
James N. Rosenau, Distant
Proximities: Dynamics beyond Globalization.
Princeton University Press, 2003. Plazolles
Peter Singer, One World: The Ethics of Globalization. Yale University Press, 2002. Hart Yourchuck
Hisham M. Nazer, Power of a Third Kind: The Western Attempt to Colonize the Global Village, Praeger, 1999. Cho
Alison Bailin, From Traditional to Group Hegemony: The G7, the Liberal Economic Order and the Core-Periphery Gap. Ashgate, 2005.
Michel Beaud (trans. Tom Dickman and Anny Lefebvre), A History of Capitalism, 1500-2000. Monthly Review Press, 2002.(ISBN: 1583670416). [One must select the 2002 edition.]
Jeffry A. Frieden, Global
Capitalism: Its Fall and Rise in the Twentieth Century.
W. W. Norton, 2007. Jang
John
Fox, Nada Mourtada Sabbah and Mohammed Al Mutawa (eds.),
Globalization and the Gulf.
Routledge, 2006. Thompson
Paul
Collier, The Bottom Billion: Why
the Poorest Countries are Failing and What Can Be Done
About
It. Oxford
University Press, 2008. Rohr
Gregory
Clark, A Farewell to Alms: A Brief
Economic History of the World.
Princeton University Press, 2009.
William
Easterly, The White Man's Burden:
Why the West's Efforts to Aid the Rest Have Done So
Much
Ill and So Little Good. Penguin,
2007. Cadondon
Ratzlaff
Paul
Farmer, Pathologies of Power:
Health, Human Rights, and the New War on the Poor.
University
of California Press, 2004. Li
Caraballo
Graham Hancock, The
Lords of Poverty: The Power, Prestige, and Corruption of the
International
Aid
Business. Atlantic Monthly
Press, 20xx. Aston
(Discussants: Hasper, Hu, Sangi, Wang, Dailey, Patriciu, Amodeo, Zhang, Nantulya, Jackson )
10. Demise
of the superpower status of the United States, with an
immanently violent contest for influence by other states and
alignments. (Aka,
hegemonic decline in historical perspective) (1:
Apr 6; 2: Apr 1)
John
J. Mearsheimer, The
Tragedy of Great Power Politics. W.
W. Norton, 2003. Zabava,
G. John
Ikenberry, After
Victory: Institutions, Strategic Restraint, and the Rebuilding of
Order after Major Wars.
Princeton University Press, 2001.
Stephen Van Evera, Causes
of War: Power and the Roots of Conflict. Cornell
University Press, 1999; also Richard K. Betts, "Must war find a
way?" International Security 24:2 (Fall 1999), 166-198. White
Clyde Prestowitz, Three Billion New Capitalists: The Great Shift of Wealth and Power to the East. Basic, 2005. Dailey Sangi
Hedley Bull, The Anarchical Society: A Study of Order in World Politics. Columbia University Press, 1977. Polyakova
Hegemonic
decline in (some particular) historical perspective.
James J. O'Donnell, The Ruin of the Roman Empire: A New History. Harper, Ecco Books, 2008. Smith
David Fromkin, A Peace to End All Peace: The Fall of the Ottoman Empire and the Creation of the Modern Middle East. Holt Paperbacks, 2001.
Efraim and Inari Karsh, Empires of the Sand: The Struggle For Mastery in the Middle East, 1789-1923. Harvard Univesity Press, 2001. Baxter
Unryu Suganuma, Sovereign Rights and Territorial Space in Sino-Japanese Relations. University of Hawai'i Press, 2000. Zhang
Margaret Macmillan, Paris 1919: Six Months That Changed the World. Random House, 2003. Hasper Amodeo
Niall Ferguson, Empire: The Rise and Demise of the British World Order and the Lessons for Global Power. Basic Books, 2004.
Helene Carrere d'Encausse, The End of the Soviet Empire: The Triumph of the Nations. Basic Books, 1993. Patriciu
Kimberly Z. Marten, Enforcing the Peace: Learning from the Imperial Past. Columbia University Press, 2004. Inafuku
Edith Brown Weiss and Harold K. Jacobson, eds., Engaging Countries: Strengthening Compliance with International Environmental Accords. MIT Press, 2000.
(Discussants Allem, Hu, Aston, Li, Goldfarb, Rouse, Hart, Jang, Yourchuck, Cadondon, McSwain, Plazolles, Capalbo)
11. Challenges for supra-, infra- and non-state policy formulation and policy implementation required by the gradual dissolution of the Westphalian system of sovereign states. (Aka, building a different world order.) (1: Apr 13; 2: Apr 8)
Scott Barrett, Why Cooperate? The Incentive to Supply Global Public Goods. Oxford University Press, 2007. Wang Yourchuck
James Capraso, ed., “Changes in the Westphalian Order: Territory, Public Authority and Sovereignty, International Studies Review special issue, 2000.
Janice Thomson, Mercenaries, Pirates and Sovereigns. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994. Rohr
Peter Singer,
One World: The Ethics of Globalization. Yale University Press,
2002.
Luis Cabrera, Political
Theory of Global Justice: A Cosmopolitan Case for the World State.
Taylor & Francis, 2006. Hu
Shanthi
Kalathil and Taylor C. Boas, Open
Networks, Closed Regimes: The Impact of the Internet on Authoritarian
Rule. MIT
Press, 2003.
Hans-Henrik
Holm and Georg Sorensen (eds.), Whose
World Order? Uneven Globalization and the End of the Cold War.
Westview
Press, 1995. Also read the comments in Mershon
International Studies Review 40 (339-352),
1996.
Stephen
G. Brooks, Producing
Security: Multinational Corporations, Globalization and the Changing
Calculus of Conflict.
Princeton, 2005.
James Orbinski, An Imperfect Offering: Humanitarian Action for the Twenty-First Century. Walker, 2008. Li
Nicholas J. Wheeler, Saving Strangers: Humanitarian Intervention in International Society. Oxford University Press, 2003. Nantulya
Samantha Power, A Problem from Hell: America and the Age of Genocide. Harper 2007. McSwain
Gerald Prunier, Darfur, A 21st Century Genocide, 5th ed. Cornell University Press, 2008. Capalbo
Leo Kuper, Genocide: Its Political Use in the Twentieth Century. Yale University Press, 1983. Cho Amodeo
R. J. Rummel, Death by Government, Transaction Books, 1997. Benedict
Lucien W. Pye, Politics, Personality, and Nation Building: Burma's Search for Identity. Yale University Press, 1962.
(Discussants Allem, Caraballo, Rouse, Inafuku, Kim, Hart, Jang, Shiels, Zhang, Jackson, White, Li, Polyakova, Chatterjee, Plazolles, Carrasco, Ratzlaff)
12.
Increasing acceptance of the a need to combat a sudden worldwide
change in the atmosphere and oceans, caused in large measure by
patterns of human habitation and consumption. (1: Apr 20; 2: Apr
15)
Geoffrey Parker and Lesly M. Smith, The General
Crisis of the Seventeenth Century, 2nd ed. Routledge, 1997, &
William S. Atwell, Volcanism and short-term climatic change in East
Asian and world history, c. 1200-1699," Journal of World
History 12:1 (2001), 29-97.
J. R. McNeil, Something New Under the Sun: An Environmental History of the Twentieth-Century World. W. W. Norton, 2001. Jackson
Clive Ponting,
A New Green History of the World: The Environment and the Collapse
of Great Civilizations, revised ed.. Penguin, 2007. McSwain
Edward L. Miles, Arild Underdal, Steinar Andresen, Jorgen Wettestad, Tora Skodvin and Elaine M. Carlin, Environmental Regime Effectiveness: Confronting Theory with Evidence. MIT Press, 2001.
Scott Barrett, Environment and Statecraft: The Strategy of Environmental Treaty-Making. Oxford, 2003.
David G. Victor, The Collapse of the Kyoto Protocol and the Struggle to Slow Global Warming. Princeton, 2004. H. Kim Sangi
Louis Lebel, Po Garden, and Masao Imamura, “The Politics of Scale, Position, and Place in the Governance of
Water
Resources in the Mekong Region,” Ecology and Society 10(2):
18. [online]
AND
Piers
M. Blaikie and Joshua S. S. Muldavin,
“Upstream,
Downstream, China, India: The Politics of Environment in the
Himalayan Region,” Annals of the Association of American
Geographers 94, (2004)
520 - 548 AND Jonathan Rigg, "Thailand's Nam Choan Dam Project, a case study in the 'greening' of South East Asia," Global Ecology and Biogeoology Letters 19: 1 (1991) , 42-54. Dailey
Mary E.
Pettinger, ed., The Social Construction of Climate Change.
Ashgate, 2007.
Bert Bolin, A History of the Science and Politics of Climate Change: The Role of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, 2008.
William D. Nordhuas, A Question of Balance: Weighing the Options on Global Warming Policies. Yale University Press, 2008. Yejerla Takabayashi
James G.
Speth and Peter Haas, Global Environmental Governance. Island Press,
2006.
James G. Speth, The
Bridge at the Edge of the World: Capitalism, the Environment, and
Crossing from Crisis to Sustainability.
Yale University Press, 2008.
Scott Barrett, Environment and Statecraft: The Strategy of Environmental Treaty-Making. Oxford University Press, 2006.
James Garvey, The Ethics of Climate Change: Right and Wrong in a Warming World. Continuum, 2008. Inafuku
(Discussants Smith, Cho, Hasper, Aston, Benedict, Cetola, Caraballo, Amodeo, Shiels, Yourchuck, Cadondon, White, Carrasco)
13. Increasing need to monitor and mitigate the worldwide spread of new diseases which emerge in large measure from changed patterns of human habitation and behaviors. (1: Apr 27; 2: Apr 22)
David McQueen and Pekka
Puska, Global
Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance.
Springer, 2003.
Laurie
Garrett, Betrayal of Trust: The
Collapse of Global Public Health.
Hyperion, 2001. Cadondon
Gina Kolata, Flu: The Story Of The Great Influenza Pandemic. Touchstone, 2001. Caraballo, Rouse
Obijiofor Aginam, Global
Health Governance: International Law and Public Health in a Divided
World. University of
Toronto Press, 2005. Ratzlaff
Leonard
A. Cole, The Eleventh
Plague: The Politics of Biological and Chemical Warfare.
W.H. Freeman, 1996. Allem
Benedict
Arno Karlen, Plague's Progress : A Social History of Man and Disease, V. Gollancz, 1995. Parulkar Jackson
J. N. Hays, The Burdens of Disease: Epidemics and Human Response in Western History. Rutgers University Press, 1998. Smith
Tony McMichael, Human Frontiers, Environments and Disease: Past Patterns, Uncertain Futures. Cambridge University Press, 2001.
C. Everett Koop, Clarence E. Pearson, M. Roy Schwarz, Critical Issues in Global Health. Jossey-Bass, 2002.
Jonathan Engel, The Epidemic: A Global History of AIDS. Collins, 2006. Nantulya
14.
Historical
and theoretical underpinnings for the 'policy shaper':
a
portfolio of skills and sensibilities. Providentia
deorum?